Effects of climate change on wind erosion in the three provinces of Northeast China.

The three provinces of Northeast China are crucial to national commodity grain production. Soils in those areas have begun to severely degrade after long-term high-intensity use, with wind erosion as one of the main reasons. Based on meteorological and soil data from 1981 to 2019, we evaluated the spatial-temporal characteristics of wind erosion on bare land in the three provinces of Northeast China by using the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ), and analyzed the contributions of meteorological factors to wind erosion on bare land. The results showed that, the meteorological factors of wind erosion were overall high in southwestern part and low in northeastern part of the region. In general, wind erosion in the region was substantial, especially in Liaoning. During the 39 years, wind erosion significantly increased throughout the whole year and during the growing season, at a rate of 129 and 105 t·km-2 per decade, respectively. The obvious increase in wind erosion was observed in the northwest Liaoning, Liaohe Plain, and Changbai Mountain area. Wind speed and air temperature were the main factors affecting wind erosion during the year and non-growing season, which contributed less during the growing season when precipitation contributed the most. We concluded that climate change has aggravated soil wind erosion in the three provinces of Northeast China.

Spatial and temporal variations of extreme climate index in the Songhua River Basin during 1961-2020.

Understanding climate change and extreme climate is of great significance for ensuring food security and socio-economic development of the Songhua River Basin. Based on the daily precipitation, maximum temperature and minimum temperature data during 1961-2020 from 69 meteorological stations in and around the Songhua River Basin, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variations of extreme temperature and precipitation in the Songhua River Basin using 27 extreme climate indices recommended by the World Meteorological Organization, and linear trend method, Mann-Kendall trend test and ordinary Kriging interpolation methodology. The results showed that, from 1961 to 2020, except for cold speel duration, the extreme cold index in the study area showed a downward trend, while the extreme warm index, extreme value index and other temperature indices showed an upward trend. The increasing trend of the minimum temperature was greater than that of the maximum temperature. Icing days, cold speel duration and warm speel duration showed an increasing trend from south to north, while the minimum value of maximum temperature and that of minimum temperature showed opposite spatial characteristics. The high value areas of summer days and tropical nights were mainly distributed in the southwestern region, while there was no obvious spatial variations of cool days, warm nights, and warm days. Overall, except for cold speel duration, other extreme cold indices had a rapid decreasing trend in the north and west of the Songhua River Basin. In the warm index, summer days, warm nights, warm days, and warm speel duration had a rapid upward trend in the north and west, and tropical nights had the fastest rise in the southwest. In the extreme value index, the maximum of temperature rose fastest in the northwest, while the minimum rose fastest in the northeast. Except for consecutive dry days, the rest of precipitation indices showed an increasing trend, and the fastest rising areas were mainly in the north-central part of the Nenjiang River Basin, while some areas in the south of the Nenjiang River Basin became dry. Heavy precipitation days, very heavy precipitation days, heaviest precipitation days, consecutive wet days, very wet day precipitation, extremely wet day precipitation, and annual precipitation showed a gradual decreasing pattern from southeast to northwest. Overall, the Songhua River Basin was warming and wetting, but there were some differences among different regions, especially the northern and southern parts of the Nenjiang River Basin.

Long-Term Follow-Up Study of COVID-19: Evaluation on Thin-Slice CT.

Purpose: To retrospectively analyse the CT imaging during the long-term follow-up of COVID-19 patients after discharge. Patients and Methods: A total of 122 patients entered the study group. All patients underwent CT examinations. The CT images, which included distribution and imaging signs, were evaluated by two chest radiologists. Laboratory examinations included routine blood work, biochemical testing, and SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening. Statistical methods include chi-square, Fisher's exact test, one-way analysis of variance, rank sum test and logistic regression by SPSS 17.0. Results: There were 22 (18.0%) patients in the mild group, 74 (60.7%) patients in the moderate group, and 26 (21.3%) patients in the severe-critical group. The median follow-up interval was 405 days (378.0 days, 462.8 days). Only monocytes, prothrombin activity, and γ-glutamyltransferase showed significant differences among the three groups. We found that the more severe the patient's condition, the more SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies existed. Only 11 patients (11.0%) showed residual lesions on CT. The CT manifestations included irregular linear opacities in nine cases (9.0%), reticular patterns in six cases (6.0%), and GGOs in five cases (5.0%). Conclusion: The proportion of residual lesions on CT in COVID-19 patients was significantly reduced after long-term follow-up. The patients' age and disease conditions were positively correlated with residual lesions.

[Characteristics of water requirement of table grape in the growing season]. / è‘¡è„ç”Ÿé•¿å­£å† éœ€æ°´ç‰¹å¾.

To quantitatively assess the satisfaction degree of precipitation on water requirement of table grape in the main producing areas in China, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variations of precipitation, water requirement and water deficit in different growth stages of table grape based on the 1981-2016 daily meteorological data from 429 meteorological stations in the study region (Jinlin and Liaoning of Northeast China; Shanxi and Hebei of North China; Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia and Shaanxi of Northwest China; Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan of Southwest China; Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan and Guangxi of Southeast China). Results showed that precipitation in each growth stage showed an increasing trend from north to south and from west to east in the study period. The precipitation in germination-flowering stage was the lowest and showed a decreasing trend. The precipitation in maturation-defoliation stage showed a decreasing trend, while that in flowering-veraison and veraison-maturation stage exhibited an increasing trend. Water requirement of grape exhibited an increasing trend in each growth stage in the study region. Water requirement of grape in Xinjiang and the northern of Gansu Province was the highest. The precipitation could not meet water requirement of grape in Xinjiang, northern Gansu, Ningxia, northern Shaanxi, northern Shanxi, northern Hebei, western Liaoning and western Jilin in each growth stage, as well as northern Yunnan and southern Sichuan during germination-flowering stage. In constrast, water surplus was obvious in the other areas, especially in the southeast and southwest of China. The water deficit of grape showed an increasing trend during the germination-flowering and maturation-defoliation stage, while that during flowering-veraison and veraison-maturation stage showed a decreasing trend.

Admission C-Reactive Protein-to-Albumin Ratio Predicts the 180-Day Mortality of AIDS-Related Pneumocystis Pneumonia.

Assessment tools are necessary for the adequate stratification of patients with AIDS-related pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of severity assessment scores and inflammation- and nutrition-based parameters for predicting the 180-day mortality of AIDS-related PCP. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with AIDS-related PCP admitted at the Beijing Di-Tan Hospital. The CURB-65 score, Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) score, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), procalcitonin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio during the first 24 h of intensive care unit admission were analyzed. The prognostic values of the severity assessment scores and biomarkers for 180-day mortality were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) indexes. A total of 123 patients with AIDS-related PCP were included. Fifty-five patients were dead, and 68 were still alive at 180 days after admission. CAR, CURB-65, PSI, and APACHE II were independent predictors of 180-day mortality. The optimal cutoff value of CAR was 2.0 mg/g [area under the ROC curve = 0.844, 95% credential interval (CI) = 0.776-0.913], and CAR >2.0 mg/g increased the prognostic value of all three severity assessment scores, with an IDI index of 5.1% for the CURB-65 score, 8.1% for the PSI score, and 4.1% for the APACHE II score (all p < .05). Combining CAR >2.0 mg/g enhanced the capability of CURB-65, APACHE II, and PSI in predicting the 180-day mortality of patients with AIDS-related PCP.

[Spatial-temporal variations of spring maize potential yields in a changing climate in Northeast China.] / 气候变化背景下东北三省春玉米产量潜力的时空特征.

Based on meteorological data, agro-meteorological observations, and agricultural statistical data in Northeast China (NEC), by using the validated Agricultural Production System sIMulator (APSIM-maize), the potential, attainable, potential farmers' and actual farmers' yields of spring maize during the period 1961 to 2015 were analyzed, and the effects of climate variation on maize potential yield in NEC were quantified. Results indicated that the potential yield of spring maize was 12.2 t·hm-2 during the period 1961 to 2015, with those in northeast being lower than southwest within the study region. The attainable yield of spring maize was 11.3 t·hm-2, and showed a similar spatial distribution with potential yield. Under the current farmers' management practices, mean simulated potential and actual farmers' yields were 6.5 and 4.5 t·hm-2, respectively. Assuming there were no changes in cultivars and management practices in NEC, the mean potential, attainable, and potential farmers' yields of spring maize would decrease by 0.34, 0.25 and 0.10 t·hm-2 per decade in NEC. However, the actual farmers' yields increased with the value of 1.27 t·hm-2 per decade averaged over NEC. Due to climate variation, year-to-year variations of spring maize potential, attainable, and potential farmers' yields were significant, ranging from 10.0 to 14.4, 9.8 to 13.3, 4.4 to 8.5 t·hm-2, respectively.

Structure-activity relationship study between baicalein and wogonin by spectrometry, molecular docking and microcalorimetry.

Flavones (e.g. baicalein and wogonin) extensively used worldwide in food preparation and traditional medicine. In this study, a systematically comparative study of their structure-activity relationships (SAR) on their interaction with BSA, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity has been carried out by spectrometry, molecular docking and microcalorimetry. Our results show that the skeleton structure of flavones, the number of hydroxyl groups, the type of functional group, conjugated system and the steric hindrance may be responsible for their different biological activity. These findings not only would lay a scientific foundation for discovering and designing flavones-based food and drug, may also help us to understanding the structure-activity relationship between flavones at the molecular level.

Controlling the flexibility and single-crystal to single-crystal interpenetration reconstitution of metal-organic frameworks.

By changing the ligand substituent groups near the open metal sites from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, the guest-induced structural dynamism of a series of isostructural 5-fold interpenetrated MOFs changed from interpenetration reconstitution to simple framework breathing.

[Value of early application of different doses of amino acids in parenteral nutrition among preterm infants].

OBJECTIVE: To study the short-term response and tolerance of different doses of amino acids in parenteral nutrition among preterm infants. METHODS: This study included 86 preterm infants who had a birth weight between 1 000 to 2 000 g and were admitted to the hospital within 24 hours of birth between March 2013 and June 2014. According to the early application of different doses of amino acids, they were randomized into low-dose group (n=29, 1.0 g/kg per day with an increase of 1.0 g/kg daily and a maximum of 3.5 g/kg per day), medium-dose group (n=28, 2.0 g/kg per day with an increase of 1.0 g/kg daily and a maximum of 3.7 g/kg per day), and high-dose group (n=29, 3.0 g/kg per day with an increase of 0.5-1.0 g/kg daily and a maximum of 4.0 g/kg per day). Other routine parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition support were also applied. RESULTS: The maximum weight loss was lower and the growth rate of head circumference was greater in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group (P<0.05). The infants in the medium- and high-dose groups had faster recovery of birth weight, earlier attainment of 100 kcal/(kg·d) of enteral nutrition, shorter duration of hospital stay, and less hospital cost than those in the low-dose group (P<0.05). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the high-dose group increased compared with the other two groups 7 days after birth (P<0.05). The levels of creatinine, pH, bicarbonate, bilirubin, and transaminase and the incidence of complications showed no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Parenteral administration of high-dose amino acids in preterm infants within 24 hours after birth can improve the short-term nutritional status of preterm infants, but there is a transient increase in BUN level.

Dibromidobis{1-[4-(pyridin-4-yl)phen-yl]ethanone-κN}mercury(II).

In the title compound, [HgBr(2)(C(13)H(11)NO)(2)], the Hg(II) atom adopts a four-coordinated HgN(2)Br(2) geometry, formed by two pyridine N atoms from two ligands and two bromide anions. The complex is located on a twofold axis. The coordination geometry is close to forming a see-saw (SS-4) polyhedron, the symmetry-related organic ligands being almost perpendicular; the dihedral angles between the two pyridine rings and between the two benzene rings are 85.5 (4) and 87.7 (4)°, respectively. Within the organic ligand, the pyridine ring is nearly coplanar with the benzene ring [dihedral angle = 13.1 (8)°]. In the crystal, the mol-ecular complexes are connected through weak inter-molecular C-H⋯Br contacts.

[Changes of China agricultural climate resources under the background of global climate change. VI. Change characteristics of precipitation resource and its possible effect on maize production in Sanjiang Plain of Heilongjiang Province].

Based on the 1959-2007 daily precipitation data and 1983-2007 spring maize phenologyical data, the thresholds of extreme precipitation at different places in Sanjiang Plain of Heilongjiang Province were calculated by percentile method, and, in combining with the indices involving the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation, longest consecutive wet (dry) days, and contribution rate of extreme precipitation, the annual change characteristics of extreme precipitation, quantitative change of different grade precipitation, and distribution characteristics of extreme precipitation at each growth stage of spring maize were analyzed. In 1959-2007, the annual precipitation in Sanjiang Plain showed a slight decreasing trend, and the decreasing amplitude of precipitation days was much larger than that of precipitation. Accordingly, the annual distribution of precipitation tended to be more concentrated. The frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation declined, and the annual fluctuation of the frequency was bigger than that of the intensity. There was a slight decrease in the proportion of annual extreme precipitation to annual precipitation, but the decreasing tendency was not significant. The annual light rain days had a significant decreasing trend, but the annual moderate and heavy rain days didn't have. During spring maize growth season, the distribution ratio of extreme precipitation from high to low was reproductive growth stage, coexistence stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, vegetative growth stage, and premergence stage. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of the precipitation during spring maize growth season to annual precipitation, resulting in an increasing risk of precipitation scarcity during the growth season. The longest consecutive dry days during spring maize growth season showed a significant increasing trend, with the increment averaged 1.1 d x (10a)(-1), while the longest consecutive wet days showed a significant decreasing trend, with the decrement averaged 0.5 d x (10a)(-1). Under natural precipitation, the spring maize drought risk in the study region increased.

[Changes of China agricultural climate resources under the background of climate change. IV. Spatiotemporal change characteristics of agricultural climate resources in sub-humid warm-temperate irrigated wheat-maize agricultural area of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain].

Based on the 1961-2007 observation data from 66 meteorological stations in the sub-humid and warm-temperate irrigated wheat-maize agricultural area of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal change characteristics of agro-climate resources for chimonophilous and thermophilic crops in the area in 1961-1980 and 1981-2007. The analyzed items included the length of temperature-defined growth season and the active accumulative temperature, sunshine hours, precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, and aridity index during the temperature-defined growth season. With climate warming, the length of temperature-defined growth season of chimonophilous and thermophilic crops in the area in 1981-2007 extended by 7. 4 d and 6. 9 d, and the > or = 0 degrees C and > or = 10 degrees C accumulative temperature increased at a rate of 4.0-137.0 and 1.0-142.0 degrees C d (10 a)(-1), respectively, compared with those in 1961-1980. The sunshine hours during the temperature-defined growth season of the crops decreased markedly; and the precipitation during the temperature-defined growing season decreased in most parts of the area, being obvious in Hebei and north Shandong Province, but increased in north Anhui and southeast Henan Province. In most parts of the area, the reference evapotranspiration of chimonophilous and thermophilic crops during their temperature-defined growth season decreased, and the aridity index increased.

[Changes of China agricultural climate resources under the background of climate change. II. Spatiotemporal change characteristics of agricultural climate resources in Southwest China].

Based on the 1961-2007 ground observation data from 88 meteorological stations in Southwest China, and by using statistical methods and GIS software, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal change characteristics of agricultural climate resources in this region in the whole year and during temperature-defined growth period. In 1961-2007, the annual mean temperature in the region showed an increasing trend, with the increment averaged 0.18 degrees C x (10 a)(-1). The > or = 10 degrees C and > or = 15 degrees C accumulated temperature during temperature-defined growth period also showed an increasing trend, with the increment averaged 55.3 degrees C x d x (10 a)(-1) and 37 degrees C x d x (10 a)(-1), respectively. The annual sunshine hours decreased gradually from west to east, and the decreasing trend was more significant in eastern than in western region. The sunshine hours during temperature-defined growth period showed an overall increasing trend, and the spatial difference was great. The precipitation resource had an overall decrease, with the decrement in whole year and during temperature-defined growth period averaged 10 mm x (10 a)(-1) and 8 mm x (10 a)(-1), respectively. The annual reference crop evapotranspiration generally decreased, but the decrement was less than that of annual precipitation. The reference crop evapotranspiration during temperature-defined growth period within about 53% meteorological stations decreased.

[Changes of China agricultural climate resources under the background of climate change: IX. Spatiotemporal change characteristics of China agricultural climate resources].

Based on the 1961-2007 ground surface meteorological data from 558 meteorological stations in China, this paper analyzed the differences of agricultural climate resources in China different regions, and compared the change characteristics of the agricultural climate resources in 1961-1980 (period I) and 1981-2007 (period II), taking the year 1981 as the time node. As compared with period I, the mean annual temperature in China in period II increased by 0.6 degrees C, and the > or = 0 degrees C active accumulated temperature in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops and the > or = 10 degrees C active accumulated temperature in the growth periods of thermophilic crops increased averagely by 123.3 degrees C x d and 125.9 degrees C x d, respectively. In 1961-2007, the mean annual temperature increased most in Northeast China, and the > or = 10 degrees C active accumulated temperature in the growth periods of thermophilic crops increased most in South China. The whole year sunshine hours and the sunshine hours in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops and of thermophilic crops in period II decreased by 125.7 h, 32.2 h, and 53.6 h, respectively, compared with those in period I. In 1961-2007, the annual sunshine hours decreased most in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, while the sunshine hours in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops and of thermophilic crops decreased most in North China and South China, respectively. In the whole year and in the growth periods of chimonophilous and thermophilic crops, both the precipitation and the reference crop evapotranspiration in this country all showed a decreasing trend, with the largest decrement in the precipitation in the whole year and in the growth periods of chimonophilous and thermophilic crops in North China, the largest decrement in the reference crop evapotranspiration in the whole year and in the growth periods of thermophilic crops in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, and the largest decrement in the reference crop evapotranspiration in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops in Northwest China. In 1961-2007, the climate in China in the whole year and in the growth periods of thermophilic crops showed an overall tendency of warm and dry, and the climate in the growth periods of thermophilic crops became warm and dry in Southwest China, North China, and Northeast China, but warm and wet in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, Northwest China, and South China, whereas the climate in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops became warm and dry in North China, but became warm and wet in Northwest China.

[Changes of China agricultural climate resources under the background of climate change. I. Spatiotemporal change characteristics of agricultural climate resources in South China].

By using the 1961-2007 daily weather data from 66 meteorological stations all over South China, this paper studied the spatiotemporal change characteristics of agricultural climate resources, including heat, light, and precipitation, in this region on the scales of whole year and temperature-defined growth season. In 1961-2007, the mean annual air temperature in this region tended to be increased by 0.20 degrees C x (10 a)(-1), and the climatic trend of > or = 10 degrees C accumulated temperature in temperature-defined growth season increased gradually from north to south, with an average of 98 degrees C x d x (10 a)(-1). Comparied with those in 1961-1980, the areas of the accumulated temperature zone of 6200-7500 degrees C x d and 7500-8000 degrees C x d in 1981-2007 increased by 1.5 x 10(4) and 4.7 x 10(4) km2, respectively. In 1961-2007, the sunshine hours on the scales of whole year and temperature-defined growth season decreased by -57 h x (10 a)(-1) and -38 h x (10 a)(-1), respectively, and the areas with sunshine hour > or = 1800 h on the two scales tended to be decreased, compared with those in 1961-1980. The precipitation on the two scales increased slightly, and the increment varied obviously in different parts of the region. There were 62% and 52% of the stations where the reference crop evapotranspiration on the scales of whole year and temperature-defined growth season was in negative, respectively. In 1981-2007, the high-value area of reference crop evapotranspiration decreased, while the low-value area increased, compared with those in 1961-1980. The mean climatic trend of annual humidity index was 0.01 x (10 a)(-1), and 70% of the stations showed an increasing trend. Comparing with that in 1961-1980, the humidity index on the scale of temperature-defined growth season in 1981-2007 was increased by 0. 02, with 53% of the stations showed positive. On the whole, the change characteristics of climate in South China in 1961-2007 showed a tendency of warming and wetting, which would impact the cropping system, yield, and agricultural structure in the region.

[Characteristics of agricultural climate resources in three provinces of northeast China under global climate change].

Based on the 1961-2007 weather data from 72 meteorological stations in three provinces of Northeast China, the change characteristics of agricultural climatic factors including yearly and temperature-defined growing season's mean air temperature, > or =10 degrees C accumulated temperature, precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, and sunshine hours were analyzed. In 1961-2007, the yearly mean air temperature in the three provinces had an increasing trend, with a rate of 0.38 degrees C x 10 a(-1). The > or =10 degrees C accumulated temperature in temperature-defined growing season also had an increasing trend, and the border of > or =10 degrees C accumulated temperature belt moved northward and eastward. The area of > or =3200 degrees C x d accumulated temperature increased by 2.2 x 10(4) km2. The belt of 2800-3200 degrees C x d moved northward about 0.85 degrees and eastward about 0.67 degrees, while that of 2400-2800 degrees C x d moved northward about 1.1 degrees. The sunshine hours decreased significantly, especially in the east part of Songnen Plain, central and west plains of Jilin Province, and west part of Liaohe River Plain. The area with sunshine hours > 2800 h decreased from 13.6 x 10(4) km2 to 4. 1 x 10(4) km2, and the zone with sunshine hours 2600-2800 h moved westward about 1.5 degrees. The average sunshine hour in temperature-defined growing season was 1174 h. Comparing with that in 1961-1980, the region with more sunshine hours in temperature-defined growing season in 1981-2007 narrowed significantly, and the zone with sunshine hours 1200-1400 h moved westward about 0.9 degrees. In 1961-2007, both the yearly and the temperature-defined growing season's precipitation decreased, and the yearly reference evapotranspiration increased in Heilongjiang Province and in the eastern mountain areas of Jilin Province but decreased in the central and west plains of Jilin Province and in Liaoning Province. Comparing with that in 1961-1980, the zone of reference evapotranspiration with the value of > or =900 mm in 1981-2007 moved westward about 1 degree, and the reference evapotranspiration in temperature-defined growing season increased in most regions of Heilongjiang and Jilin Province but decreased in a rate of 0-14 mm x 10 a(-1) in most regions of Liaoning Province.